Wednesday, September 2, 2020

To what extend does Mozi's philosophy conflicts with the Confucianism Essay

To what in particular broaden does Mozi's way of thinking clashes with the Confucianism - Essay Example The spread of Mohism started occurring when the customary Chinese minister create was tested by the rising specialized knowledge. Mozi is accepted to have been attracted to conspicuousness by the rising interest of researchers during the period of the Warring States. There are different records that portray him as a fortresses official in the military while the various reactions show that he was acquainted with the Confucian ministry (Hansen, 2009). In spite of the fact that there is not many writing that discussions about Mozi, dominant part of them portray him as having been against Confucianism. One of Mozi’s most prominent pundits was Mencius (371-289 BC) who guaranteed that the works of Mozi were everywhere throughout the online networking and consequently, the vast majority were impacted to trust in his twisted perspective on Confucianism. Mozi is accepted to have been a solid promoter of utilitarianism and equivalent worry for every person. The Mohist development, which had started with Mozi in later stages prompted a much more up to date style of Daoism and Confucianism. The focal Mohist writing has a proposed factious style. It uses a fair-minded evenness of articulation and reiteration that makes it simple to remember just as in going along the message. Evenness and reiteration are ordinarily utilized elaborate gadgets for traditional Chinese and it is for the most part in logical structure (Mei, 2008). Different books report the life of Mozi and his works. About the entirety of the accessible works clarify Mozi’s story in the light of the â€Å"craft theory† since it helps in clarifying the exceptional character of efficient intelligent idea in China that had its underlying foundations in Mozi. These bits of writing for the most part harp on moral discussions yet for the most part center around the whole Mohist framework to which they acknowledge Mozi as having been the originator. Mozi, as indicated by the accessible writing accepted that the ethical gauges ought to be in a quantifiable structure, e.g., in the way of a woodworker with a plumb line or

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory - Essay Example Presentation Death Penalty, additionally alluded to as Capital discipline, involves the execution of a sentenced transgressor by law/legal procedure requirement officials as a discipline for a specific crime(s). It is ever the most extreme discipline structure. The different legitimate methods through which capital punishment is directed contain hanging, deadly infusion, terminating crew, electric shock, gassing and utilization of the guillotine (Duhaime 1). The offenses culpable by means of the death penalty incorporate yet are not restricted to assault and other sexual wrongdoings, murder, reconnaissance, conspiracy and rehashed violations. They are alluded to as capital violations. This type of discipline is additionally proceeded as a feature of military equity. The criminal arrangements for capital punishment regard such people (indicted guilty parties) as a gross hazard to the presence of the general public (Legal-explanations.com 1). Greater part of nations around the globe ha ve prohibited capital punishment. Infoplease.com cites Amnesty International which records that 137 nations have canceled this type of discipline. Also, an extensive decrease in the quantity of executions yearly in nations that have not restricted it is apparent. For example, in the year 2007, twenty-four nations put 1,252 individuals to death, (of which eighty-eight percent occurred in Saudi Arabia, China, Pakistan, Iran and USA alone), while in the earlier year, they had executed 1,591 people. In 51 nations that apply capital punishment to specific crimes’ guilty parties, around 3,350 individuals got capital punishment in 2006. In the year 2009, in excess of twenty thousand detainees were waiting for capital punishment all around (Infoplease.com 1). In the perspective on individuals who bolster the death penalty, the danger of executions prevents people from perpetrating capital violations, and in this manner it is more successful than detainment. While this case is trustwo rthy, various examinations on the subject of capital punishment and prevention notwithstanding the pace of capital violations in nations that apply capital punishment yields distinctive outcome †they don't bolster this thought. Essentially, in nations that don't have any significant bearing capital punishment, the pace of capital violations is constantly lower rather than those nations that apply it. For occasion, of the four locales of the United States, the Southern district has the most noteworthy pace of capital wrongdoings notwithstanding the area having in excess of 80% of all executions in the United States. In addition, an ongoing report uncovered that of the studied United States’ top criminologists, eighty-eight percent are not for the conviction that death penalty hinders capital violations (Lacock and Radelet 503). There is sufficient demonstrate that capital crime percentages and capital punishment need connection. A significant report by the United Nation s presumed that there needs validation of the view that contrasted with life detainment; capital punishment has a more prominent impediment impact. Discoveries from the United States of America moreover demonstrate that capital punishment doesn't forestall capital wrongdoing. Besides, reports from the American Civil Liberties Union reveal that expresses that apply capital punishment laws don't have lower paces of capital violations than those states that don't make a difference it (Peikrishvili 5). What is more is that a US police chiefs’ national study excludes theâ claim that capital punishment is a fundamental device of decreasing the quantity of capital violations with the police boss

Friday, August 21, 2020

Strategic Management Springer Science & Business Media

Question: Depict about the Strategic Management for Springer Science Business Media. Answer: Section A Foundation data Settle frozen yogurt is Australias one of the most loved premium brand and a genuine symbol. Settle consolidates sustenance with taste with a functioning creative mind as they endeavor to enhance so as to be a unique organization so as to adapt up to changing economic situation (Nestle, 2016). The organization was built up by Fred Peters in 1907. The board of the organization isn't apprehensive about change as they generally find better approaches to convey frozen yogurt to clients by utilizing one of a kind expertise and most recent advancements. Their prosperity mantra is to Dive In epitomizes so as to fulfill necessities of clients in most ideal way. Their acclaimed frozen yogurt brands are Frosty Fruit, Connoisseur, Original and Drumstick. Settle Peters is a shelter for frozen yogurt sweethearts as taste gave in their items contacts the heart and leaves a durable taste (Arbuckle, 2013). The organization is growing their business in Japan, New Zealand and in other European nations in react to expanding request. Responsibility for Peters Ice Cream (in singular status) in Western Australia went as a major aspect of Peters and Brownes (PB) in 2006 to Fonterra and to Nestl in 2009. It had given Nestl across the nation control of the brand (Nestle, 2016). Since 2012, The Peters Ice Cream business, including its Mulgrave production line, was bought by Pacific Equity Partners with a permit to fabricate sub-brands held by Nestl, such Drumstick. Organization can possibly grow in not so distant future as their items are cherished by general society and by considering their reaction to expect to make constant improvement in it. Outer examination Being a dessert maker, Nestle communicates in the business which is legitimately influenced by a few outer variables. These variables can be examined by utilizing PESTLE investigation. This is a successful apparatus to survey pressure forced by the outside condition on frozen yogurt brand. PESTLE investigation Political components: In Australia, there is political strength which gives Nestle significant essential to working a gainful However, charge strategies impact cost and cost and friends are required to work by thinking about laws and guidelines of government. In spite of the fact that Nestle frozen yogurt is an exceptional brand, still they are required to think about the enthusiasm of government offices and weight bunches in their business procedures. Financial elements: The low monetary development of Australia is a critical issue for Nestle because of which they can't upgrade deals of their frozen yogurt items. Organization bargains in premium brand while their rivals are giving their items in lower value shows inconvenience for Nestle. Likewise, to this, expansion and expanding in cost fuel has improved the general expense of working exercises because of which net revenue of the organization is diminished. Social Factors: Over the years, purchasers discernment has been changing towards frozen yogurt as they incline toward more beneficial items alongside the great taste. Subsequently, Nestle is required to give frozen yogurt less calories by lessening the utilization of sugar and fat fixings (Haskelberg, Thomas Gill, 2016). Also, the executives of Nestle frozen yogurt is required to embrace diverse social settings to work in a powerful way. Mechanical elements: Technology is continually improving in all enterprises, and business is required to embrace it for endurance and to accomplish upper hand. Settle frozen yogurt is effectively taken a shot at development and new innovation for better profitability and benefits. Through web based life, they are taking input from Australian purchasers so as to give better items to them. Legitimate components: Nestle frozen yogurt is required to think about changing guidelines of Australia to forestall deterrents in smooth tasks of business (Savio, Udell Coveney, 2013). It is on the grounds that logical inconsistency of these laws can prompt serious punishments and unfriendly effect on the generosity of business. Natural components: Nestle frozen yogurt is required to concentrate on their CSR by thinking about ecological concerns. For this reason, they can utilize reusing procedure in bundling and use condition inviting procedures for business. Outline As per the PESTLE examination of Nestle dessert, it very well may be said that organization is required to change their estimating procedures by thinking about the low financial development of Australia. They ought to alter their business systems by considering changing inclination of clients and condition well disposed practices. They can utilize new advancements for creation exercises and reinforce their online nearness. The organization is required to carefully follow nourishment and corporate guidelines to forestall obstructions in smooth activities of business. Doormen 5 Model Figure 1: Porters 5 Model of Nestle Ice cream The danger of new participants: Threat of new contestants is low in the Australian economy as shoppers don't lean toward new brands without any problem. In any case, development of outside brands in Australia like Amul is a huge risk (Nestle, 2013). Settle frozen yogurt has a solid name in the market, however dessert industry is immense and feasible, so new participants of existing brands as the possibility to lessen the piece of the overall industry of the organization. The danger of substitute merchandise: Threat of substitute merchandise is irrelevant as his on the grounds that the item is exceptionally basic for utilization. Because of this perspective, Nestle is required to improve their items in a colossal way to remain in the market and lessening the danger of substitute. In this angle, they are thinking about wellbeing cognizance and health factor in their frozen yogurt items. Haggling intensity of providers: Bargaining intensity of providers is moderate for Nestle as they are known for fortifying provider relations because of their tremendous purchasing power (Tan, 2012). Further, quality is viewed as essential perspective subsequently they had created tough relations for additional improvement in items. What's more, they take direction of providers to working proficiently and decrease operational expenses. Bartering intensity of clients: Bargaining intensity of shoppers is high since they have different choices. Because of this viewpoint, it is basic for the organization to consider necessities and desire for clients to make them happy with the quality and taste of items (Nestle, 2016). Settle frozen yogurt is worried towards their clients accordingly they had developed new dessert for people who are more wellbeing cognizant. Serious contention inside the business: Nestle dessert has a solid situation in Australia, yet there is solid rivalry in the market. Significant contenders of the organization are Lion Dairy and Drinks, Tasmanian Heritage St Claire and Bulla Dairy Foods. Along these lines, the risk of serious competition inside the business is high for Nestle dessert. So as to stay serious, Nestle is required to concentrate on advancement and innovation by thinking about inclinations of purchasers. Outline Doormen examination of Nestle frozen yogurt shows solid checking position of the organization. In any case, Nestle is required to improve their items in a colossal way to remain in the market and lessening the danger of substitute. They are required to keep delivering frozen yogurt having less calories as clients are worried towards their wellbeing. Further, they should give inventive flavors to stay serious. References Books and Journals Arbuckle, W. S. (2013). Dessert. Springer Science Business Media. Haskelberg, H., Thomas, B., Gill, T. (2016). High variety in the maker pronounced serving size of bundled optional nourishments in Australia. English Journal of Nutrition. 115(10), 1810-1818. Settle, M. (2013). Today's Eat More Environment. In Public Affairs. Savio, S., Udell, T., Coveney, J. (2013). A study of the reformulation of Australian youngster situated nourishment items. BMC general wellbeing, 13(1), 1. On the web Settle. (2016). [Online]. Recovered from https://www.nestle.com/Pages/Nestle.aspx . [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Tan, G., (2012). Settle Puts Australian Ice Creams Business on the Block. [Online]. Recovered from https://blogs.wsj.com/dealjournalaustralia/2012/04/18/settle puts-australian-desserts business-on-the-square/. [Accessed on 11 December 2016].

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Essay Writing Samples: Making Your Best Out of They Sample Essays

Essay Writing Samples: Making Your Best Out of They Sample EssaysIf you are a creative person, you probably don't have a problem in coming up with numerous essay writing samples. However, if you want to show off your unique skills and make an impact on the school environment, you must learn how to write academic papers. These particular samples can prove to be quite helpful in various aspects such as writing the essay properly, presenting your points properly, and choosing the right topic that best fits the content.The first thing you have to do is to determine the type of topic that you wish to write for. There are several choices that can prove to be effective when writing an essay. You can select the option according to the topic that you think is the most appropriate for you and the audience.You can also utilize the examples from a single example essay in order to produce better essay writing samples. This helps you to come up with essay writing samples that are similar to the or iginal essay without making them worse. However, remember that you are not required to follow the exact same formatting as the original content.The basic idea is to produce a similar style of essay as the original content but at the same time to offer it in a different form. For instance, you can use subheads or the sentence's structure to give a more professional look to the essay. Or you can even take care of some keywords used in the essay, insert pictures or videos, or make changes in the type of font that is used.Although there are numerous essay writing samples available on the Internet, you can still find countless ways to improve them. In other words, you can add things that are unique and creative so that they could end up being more helpful than some of the examples found on the Internet.When you are just beginning in writing your own essay, you might want to avoid the use of too many sample essays because these are just plain boring. Therefore, it would be better to get s omething that has no essay written in it.If you are able to get hold of the right style and your article ideas are so innovative, then essay writing samples will prove to be very helpful in presenting your unique skills. And even if you still prefer to use the original content for some of your own samples, you can still try your luck with the samples that have been edited by others. This way, you can find out the style that is most suitable for you.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Case Analysis Tesla Motors Inc. - 1448 Words

Tesla Motors Inc. has a competitive advantage in the market for many reasons of which you are responsible for. However, I believe Tesla is exposed to two major risks that have not been adequately addressed by the firm. The first is related to the capital structure, specifically the debt and equity financing agreements. If you recall the 2014 Q3 Earnings Call, you mentioned that small miscalculations of financial estimates could have enormous effects on the actual results for companies in the exponential growth phase. That being said, your strategic direction should focus on reducing the exposure of debt repayment obligations and your reliance on equity valuations that continue to rise. The level of confidence among creditors and investors cannot fluctuate too much because your highly leveraged position. CapEx in the next two years will only decrease slightly and seeing that Tesla’s debt is classified into the category of â€Å"junk bonds† – confidence may b e slipping. Both debt and equity financing sources could become too costly to sustain operations. The second concern I have is the concentration risk that electric car sales alone will fund operations, despite possible shifts in the short-term macroeconomic environment. You once said â€Å"it’s not the machine, it’s the machine that makes the machine that is difficult.† The heavy RD cost incurred to develop the machines that make machines are necessary to maintain your advantage in the market. I strongly suggestShow MoreRelatedCompany Profile Of Tesla Motors1364 Words   |  6 Pages History of Operation Tesla Motors was incorporated in 2003. in 2016, it began production of the Roadster in 2009, Model S unveiled. in 2010, TSLA IPO launched; Announced partnership to develop powertrain system with Toyota RAV4. in 2012, it Started building Supercharger Network across America and Unveiled designs and plans for Model X. in 2013, Tesla got Extreme Tech â€Å"Best Selling Luxury Car. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Health Of The United States Essay - 973 Words

The health of the United States has been declining in recent years. More individuals are suffering from health issues such as obesity and high cholesterol. This is particularly true of Know County in Maine. There are many health concerns in Know County. In order to address these problems a community program called ACHIEVE reached out to the YMCA to help improve the health of the area. In order to assess the success of this program it is important to understand the area in which it is implemented and the details of the program. ACHIEVE is a community program designed by the CDC to help promote community health. â€Å"CDC s ACHIEVE communities (Action Communities for Health, Innovation, and EnVironmental changE) develop and implement population-based strategies that help prevent or manage health risk factors for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, obesity, and arthritis†(). In order to promote community health. The program provides funds to certain community and government organizations, including the National Association of County and City Health Officials, National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, National Recreation and Park Association, Society for Public Health education and the YMCA. The program is broken down in to two parts with a division of responsibilities. The first is titled category A. â€Å"Category A organizations facilitate program development; implement a coordinated community selection process; award funding to local entities; review and approveShow MoreRelatedThe Health Of The United States1409 Words   |  6 Pagespredicts, almost a fifth of the population will be over the age of 65. Healthcare GDP- The U.S. healthcare spending continues to increase and is the most amongst the world. In 2013 the GDP percent was at 17.1 for the United States. The United States continues to spend the most on health while it increases annually around 7 percent expected to total over 4 trillion in 2015. Kaiser Permanente Growth- Kaiser continues to increase enrollment annually leading to increasing the infrastructure growth. ThereRead MoreHealth Care Of The United States Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Health Care in the United States Matthew Glennon Ivy Tech Community College Abstract The aim of this paper was to gather and find information over universal health care. Research will demonstrate the varying ideas on universal health care. The goal of the paper for the reader is to inform them well enough on the topic to be able to pick a side and make a solid argument. The reader will be informed on different ideas that surround universal health care. The combinedRead MoreHealth Care Of The United States1594 Words   |  7 Pagespast few decades, health care industry in the United States is facing three major problems related to quality, costs, and access. The healthcare expenditure in the United States has increased drastically over the years and the United States still rank top in health care spending when compared to other top nations in the world. Despite having high healthcare expenditure, Americans have limited access to health care, spends higher costs for the procedures and getting poor health care outcomes. InRead MoreHealth Care Of The United States1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States, a rich and well known nation that is known to be a world superpower. Yet can t seems to figure out healthcare. 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The reality is that ObamaRead MoreHealth Insurance Of The United States1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Health insurance in the United States is very dynamic and costly to most citizens; however, it is necessary to ensure healthy living and protection from outrageous debt owed to health providers. With the recent changes due to the Affordable Care Act started by President Barack Obama, people now are being pushed to get health insurance. Some citizens of the United States have opposed this health reform. There were people who could not keep their previous health insurance plans andRead MoreHealth Insurance Of The United States Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesHealth insurance in the United States is a highly politicized issue. In recent years, many strides have been made to extend health insurance coverage to all Americans with the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). 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That is about 15.4% of the U.S. population. United States is one of the countries that do not have universal health care. Health care is administered by health practitioners in nursing, medicine, and other health professions. It is the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of illnesses, diseases and injuries in human beings. Physicians for a National Health Program stated that since the 18th and 19th centuryRead MoreHealth Care At The United States Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem numerous people in the United State s face as spending on health care increased to $3.2 trillion in 2015 which is about $9,980 per individual, (Vital Signs: Rise in National Health Expenditures Slows) which is considerably high in comparison to the United Kingdom’s $148.34 billion or $2,292 per person (Department of Health s Settlement at the Spending Review 2015). The United States spends comparably more than most other first world countries when it comes to health care and this is a problem

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Japanese Business Communication & Etiquette-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Perspective of Japanese Business Communication and Etiquette. Answer: The following paper looks into the matter of providing a basic concept pertaining to the market structure and Japanese business etiquette. In fact, cultural diversities and differences have always been effective with the basic understanding of the entire situations in business perspectives. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective business understanding with the process that has been taken into consideration the basic changes in the total understanding of business need. Japanese business etiquette has been one of the most searched topics in the international business studies. Due to the ceremonious venture in the country pertaining to the performances of effective business, perspectives have been taken into certain understanding of the environment. This process includes the comprehension of- politeness, sensitivity and good manners since the Japanese people are highly conscious about their professional and social values. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective business understanding of the people. Since, Emily has chosen food and restaurant industry to be run in Japan, she needs to incorporate the Japanese business technique with her own professional value. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective chances from the effective chances. This has effectively concerned the basic concept of the entire case with the positive understanding of Japanese business style. Since there remains a huge difference in the mode of running business in Australia and Japan, the cultural and social difference, the business objective has to be taken into certain consideration with the effective understanding of the external environment. The following steps can be followed while making a business venture in Japan from Australia: An individual should understand that he needs to upgrade his behavior with that of the socio- cultural norms of the environment. An individual is internalized by his normal behavior that goes on throughout his life. This internalization becomes so deeply engrossed that most of the individuals is not digressed by the unfavorable situations for divergence. Japanese business venture teaches an individual their specific roles and status in other situations of the society. For instance, students, employees, leaders, employers, followers and teachers play their own different roles. An individual is made to adjust his or her own behavior in a way to bring in the correlation in the society. Moreover, there are other rights, privileges, responsibilities that are associated with every role thus intensifies the social welfare to keep social order in a relatively stable condition. An individual gets to learn many skills from Japanese business venture that helps them in leading a better life in the society. They are taught the proper behavior as per different social situation so that they can receive good appreciation and not any negative response from others. It aspires an individual to become a good officer, teacher, mother or father as an effect of Japanese business venture. Society spreads its cultural values and gives special orientation like educational, religious and political, which enables an individual to lead a proper decent life. Thus, people learn their habits; self- conception, group norms and universe of discourse that make it possible to interact with people of the society and act according to the societal rules. Thus, the main goals of Japanese business venture include- teaching of impulse control, developing conscience and preparing an individual to act according to the society (Aronfreed, 2013). Japanese business venture has five key agents- family, school, peer group, media and rehabilitation institutions. Family is the first place with whom the child first gets acquainted after taking birth in the world. The primary emotions like love, care, happiness and affection are all provided to the child by his family which forms the basis of how he will grow up to see the world around him. Parents deserve all the credit and blame for their childs success and behavior in life but the proof determines that parents have a large impact. Sometimes a child also ends up resembling their parents not just in looks or appearance but more than that. The ways in which the parents socialize depends upon two important factors, i.e. the social strata of the parents and their own biological sex (Zarakol, 2014). School is where the child is given training about the rights and wrongs, ethical and unethical of the society. The three Rs are involved in the school curriculum- reading, writing and arith metic. A child interacts daily a large part of their time with his fellow classmates, teachers and other authority figures that develop their interactive skill in the society. The peer group is a crucial juncture of the life that is influenced by some groups based on some specific characteristics or traits. This can be the after effect of their talent, their thirst for knowledge, sport activities and games; friends play a very important part in an individuals life especially during his adolescence when he is influenced by his taste in music, clothes, and other aspects of his life. They have a tendency to join the group for these features and this leads in taking extra care for the children by the parents so that these do not affect their personality that might be difficult to give up. The media group has a big influence on the child, on their perspective and by sticking to the media; they like to have a role model that grabs their attention such that they would surpass that person. Movies, TV shows, popular music, magazines, websites and other media influence an individuals political views, affinity for popular culture, views on men and women, people of other gender and color and other practices, values and beliefs. Sometimes, out of controversy the mass media is blamed for instigating the youth and imposing violence on them. A child gets badly affected by seeing violence in the movies even before reaching their adulthood. Mass media is also responsible for portraying racial and gender stereotypes. The final agent is religion that is not of prime importance. In recent days, people have less religious beliefs than it was in the earlier generations. The rehabilitation institutions like a prison, training centre for the armed forces, police institutes etc. have an impact on the individual who have stayed in such places. The training and discipline are given to such individuals who were unidentified even after leaving the places. These agents of Japanese business venture are essential for the human society because they act as the main platform of such an individual personality (Lytton, 2013). Emily has been successful in having a career in food in Australia due to the quality and strategies of her business. After successfully establishing her business and shop named The Aromatic Condiment shop in Perth, Emily now wishes to expand her business in business. In order to do so, Emily has scheduled her visit to Japan with Mr. Hamasaki in order to discuss the potential venture. Japan is a country that values social and behavioral aspect of the people. Therefore, in order to do business in Japan, Emily need to consider the cultural norms of the country. Loyalty towards the business organization is the most significant business etiquette for Japan. This highlights harmony, dedication and consistency in the business. The members of the Japanese organization are loyal towards the the organization and the fellow workers and if required they are ready to go beyond their job roles and responsibilities in order ensure the welfare of the customers. For example, the Japanese people are s o dedicated towards their work that if conflicts arise between the family and work, the workers prefer prioritizing their work first. Unlike western countries, silent communication in Japan is of utmost significance due to presence of homogeneity in the country. Speaking in excess is a sign of immaturity according to the Japanese etiquette. Therefore, silent communication signifies understanding by using body language or use of words to the minimum. Silent and indirect communication thereby, signifies harmony by providing a clearer picture. According to the given case study, initially Emily needs to consider the extremely formal business culture of Japan in order to conduct business. For instance, Emily needs to address Mr. Hamasaki by his name followed by his surname instead of only addressing by his first name. Additionally, Emily needs to use meishi, the professional cards that are important part of Japanese business etiquette. The meishi needs to be empty as writing on the card is considered an impolite gesture. Moreover, the card must be exchanged at the beginning of the meeting and needs to be kept until the meeting ends. Emily needs to consider bestowing something upon Mr. Hamasaki after a business relationship is established. This is because Japan believes in bestowing gifts to the business delegates with company gifts. In Japan, exchanging gifts between Communications in regards to two distinct cultures are defined as cross-cultural communication. In business, cross-cultural communications are vital, as failure to maintain cross-cultural communication leads to broken business relationships thereby, hampering it. According to the given case study, the potential cross-cultural barrier in communication is the language. Emily is an Australian, Mr. Hamasaki is Japanese, and both belongs to different cultures. According to the model of Dr. Hofstede, cultural norms play a significant role in maintaining interpersonal relationships. Therefore, according to the model, Emily needs to evaluate her actions, approach and decisions in order to avoid making mistakes. The model also highlights the confidence Emily needs to reflect in her personality while meeting Mr. Hamasaki. References: Aronfreed, J. (2013).Conduct and conscience: The Japanese business venture of internalized control over behavior. Elsevier. 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