Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Socrates - Essay Example This doctrine of Socrates is right. Suppose, if a person has a psychological some problem and he or she feels happy to cut his or her skin, then in the light of this example, the doctrine of Socrates hold true, because by cutting skin that person cannot benefit himself or herself in any way. So the doctrine of Socrates is right that the person do evil actions to get some benefit. In Philosophy, there are two concepts about evil. One concept is narrow evil and the other is broad evil. Broad concept of evil divides evil acts in natural evil and moral evil. Moral evils are result of human intentions whereas natural evils do not results from the intentions of the human beings. The narrow concept of evil includes the most despicable actions character and events. Philosophy is also of the view that the clash of interest in different people causes evil to prevail despite the fact all think it wrong. In essence, Socrates was of the view that human beings are responsible for evils and evils harm the person who does evil acts. His thinking is right as the person who does evil act, does wrong to his of herself. Philosophy also asserts that human beings are responsible for evil

Characters of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Characters of Romeo and Juliet Essay In The Prologue of Romeo And Juliet, the fate of the star-crossed lovers, the title characters, is already told. They have been doomed to take their [lives] before the play has even begun. This foretelling of what the audience is about to see displays that the play is about how and why the events unfold, and not what happens. Act Two, Scene Two is an important scene in the play, which is because this is where Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the two children born of the fatal loins of their feuding parents, meet for the second time, after Capulets Masquerade. They fall in love, starting the chain of fated events that cause their deaths. Before meeting Juliet, Romeo was seen to be melancholic; he was supposedly in love with Rosaline, which was unrequited. He seemed to be introspective, and have a very negative outlook; in Act One, Scene One his father, Montague, said that Romeo had been shutting himself [a]way from light in his room. Romeo appeared to have a very poetic, yet bleak, attitude to love. This is demonstrated by Romeos use of extended oxymoron in Act One, Scene One, where he talked of loving hate, and misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms. His poetic words seemed to indicate that perhaps Romeo was not in love, rather in love with the idea of being in love. He spoke of Rosaline, the object of his love, as though she was a deity, even stating she has characteristics of the goddess Diana (she has Dians wit). The goddess Diana was an emblem of chastity, and the object of Romeos affections has taken a vow of chastity. Ironically, Romeo refuses to examine other beauties, as his friend and kinsman Benvolio suggests at the end of Act One, Scene One. In Act One, Scene Five, when Romeo firsts saw, spoke to, and kissed Juliet, he still used decorative language, and said similar to what he had previously said about Rosaline. He said that Juliet doth teach the torches to burn bright, a metaphor, after first seeing her in Act one, Scene Five, after calling Rosaline the all-seeing sun in Act One, Scene Three. This seems to indicate that Romeo is too quick to announce his love, saying of Juliet what he had said not long ago about Rosaline. He did, however, denounce his previous love and say that his love of Rosaline was not comparable to his love for Juliet in Act One, Scene Five, with the rhetorical question [d]id my hear love till now? . In Act One, Scene Three Juliet is seen to be polite and respectful young girl. Her mother, Lady Capulet, who is less close to Juliet than her Nurse, tried to persuade Juliet to marry a suitor that has been chosen for her. Marriage was an honour that [Juliet] dream[ed] not of, being only thirteen years of age. Lady Capulet, in Act One, Scene Three, told her daughter that [t]he valiant Paris seeks [Juliet] for his love. Juliet seemed in no rush to fall in love and marry at such a young age, she stated she would look to like, but no more deep [ ] endart [her] eye. She appeared grounded, with no unrealistic expectations about love, and in no hurry to find a husband, despite her mothers insistence that girls younger than Juliet [are] made already mothers. When Juliet met Romeo for the first time in Act One, Scene Five, although she echoed Romeos poetic and metaphor rich language, she appeared more playful and flirtatious, telling Romeo he kiss[es] by thbook. In Act Two, Scene Two, Romeo speaks of his love for Juliet and watches her after she appears at the window. He compares her beauty to that of the sun: [it] is the east and Juliet is the sun/Arise, fair sun, when she appears at her window. Shakespeare uses this language to depict that Romeo has elevated Juliet to the stature of a goddess. This is reinstated, with Juliets beauty repeatedly being compared to (and bettering) the brightness of celestial objects; Romeo says that the brightness of her cheek would shame [the] stars. Shakespeare used more positive metaphor, repetition, and a less structured and poetic approach to Romeos speech to show that Romeos newly found love of Juliet has effected a change in his language. Romeo is presented as more happy to love, and simply be in the presence of Juliet: he is eager for her to speak again, rather than strike up a conversation instantly. When Romeo begins speaking to Juliet, after hearing her speak of her love and asking why she must love a member of the family she hates, asking wherefore [is he] Romeo? , Shakespeare wants us to understand Romeos devotion to Juliet. Romeo offers to forsake his name, saying that [h]enceforth [he] never will be Romeo demonstrating his willingness to make sacrifices for the love of Juliet. During this scene Shakespeare repeatedly uses names, or words referring to names (for example, name, or called) to show the conflict between language, the words and names, and experience, reality; Juliet states that a rose/By any other word would spell as sweet. Romeo is eager to exchange [Juliets] loves faithful vow for [his], which shows not only Romeos eagerness to prove his unchangeable love to Juliet, but his need to be loved in return. He tries to swear his love many things, including yonder blessed moon, Juliet takes vowing love much more seriously, and asks Romeo not to swear by the inconstant moon as it is too changing to vow such an important thing on. This presents Juliet as a mature girl, who tries to consider the consequences of actions and promises, whereas Romeo is completely absorbed in the idea of love. Juliet is concerned that her and Romeos love is moving too fast, saying that it is too like the lightening. Shakespeare uses this again showing Juliets rationality, but also showing that she is young, love is new to her and she is in no rush. Romeo does not appear to share these concerns; he is more concerned with loving and being loved, only satisfied by Juliets faithful vow. She is however in love with Romeo, and is not happy to see him go, [p]arting is such sweet sorrow, but is eager to see him again. Towards the end of the scene Juliets language becomes more like Romeos in eagerness to vow love, and in use of simile, comparing Romeo to a wantons bird, tethered by her love. Romeos rashness, loyalty, and need to love Juliet and be loved in return are important characteristics that will end up sealing his grim fate at the end of the play. Juliets young age, and contrasting maturity, grounding in reality and strong will in her love will be ever important, and her need to see a plan through will be important factors that help lead her towards her tragic ending. For never was there a story of more woe/Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.

The Root of Success in Korean Cloning Essay -- Genetics

Korea is currently leading the industry of cloning. There are many cultural and social aspects to why Koreans are leading this industry. David Plotz identifies a theory identified as the â€Å"Chopstick Theory of Scientific Supremacy† in his article titled, â€Å"The Seoul of Clones.† Plotz states Koreans eat with â€Å"narrow, metal chopsticks. Nabbing grains of rice with slippery, steel sticks requires a surgeon’s dexterity† (Plotz, 2005). While this example seems ridiculous, if one dissects the meaning, it can make sense. Koreans are the only Asians that utilize chopsticks that are, quite frankly, hard to use. Japanese and Chinese use thick wooden chopsticks and everyone else in the world uses western utensils or their bare hands to eat. Korean ethics in the workplace is just as meticulous as the chopstick example; they constantly work, sometimes seven days a week, through holidays, and usually until their task is complete, not when their business closes for the day. This ethos of work is highly influenced by the deep cultural beliefs of Confucianism that is embedded in their society. â€Å"Confucianism teaches that workplaces should be run as benevolent hierarchies, with younger and junior people obediently taking guidance from seniors† (Plotz, 2005). Western ideologies promotes individualism, while Confucianism based societies work to support the balance of the chain of command, ultimately giving the boss/supervisor credit for their hard work. Especially with the men (and women) in the Korean workforce, this chain of command structure is nothing new due to the mandatory military service (for men, ages 18 to 35) requirement that is enforced by the government. There are most influences within the social patterns of South Koreans ... ...s/documents/endeavors/volume3/JoshPark.pdf Assessed May 23, 2012. Poleg, Dror. â€Å"Was ‘Confucianism’ important to the Economic Development of Japan and South Korea?† Drorism, January 26, 2011. Web: http://www.drorism.com/2011/01/the-role-of-confucianism-in-the-economic-development-of-japan-and-south-korea.html Assessed May 23, 2012. Plotz, David. â€Å"The Seoul of Clones.† Slate Magazine, October 19, 2005. Web: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/how_they_do_it/2005/10/the_seoul_of_clones.html Assessed May 22, 2012. Scanlon, Charles. â€Å"S Korea’s ‘disgraced’ national hero.† BBC News, November 25, 2005. Web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4468812.stm Assessed May 23, 2012. Veale, Jennifer. â€Å"South Korea’s Pet Clone Wars.† TIME, February 10, 2009. Web: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1878398,00.html Assessed May 23, 2012. The Root of Success in Korean Cloning Essay -- Genetics Korea is currently leading the industry of cloning. There are many cultural and social aspects to why Koreans are leading this industry. David Plotz identifies a theory identified as the â€Å"Chopstick Theory of Scientific Supremacy† in his article titled, â€Å"The Seoul of Clones.† Plotz states Koreans eat with â€Å"narrow, metal chopsticks. Nabbing grains of rice with slippery, steel sticks requires a surgeon’s dexterity† (Plotz, 2005). While this example seems ridiculous, if one dissects the meaning, it can make sense. Koreans are the only Asians that utilize chopsticks that are, quite frankly, hard to use. Japanese and Chinese use thick wooden chopsticks and everyone else in the world uses western utensils or their bare hands to eat. Korean ethics in the workplace is just as meticulous as the chopstick example; they constantly work, sometimes seven days a week, through holidays, and usually until their task is complete, not when their business closes for the day. This ethos of work is highly influenced by the deep cultural beliefs of Confucianism that is embedded in their society. â€Å"Confucianism teaches that workplaces should be run as benevolent hierarchies, with younger and junior people obediently taking guidance from seniors† (Plotz, 2005). Western ideologies promotes individualism, while Confucianism based societies work to support the balance of the chain of command, ultimately giving the boss/supervisor credit for their hard work. Especially with the men (and women) in the Korean workforce, this chain of command structure is nothing new due to the mandatory military service (for men, ages 18 to 35) requirement that is enforced by the government. There are most influences within the social patterns of South Koreans ... ...s/documents/endeavors/volume3/JoshPark.pdf Assessed May 23, 2012. Poleg, Dror. â€Å"Was ‘Confucianism’ important to the Economic Development of Japan and South Korea?† Drorism, January 26, 2011. Web: http://www.drorism.com/2011/01/the-role-of-confucianism-in-the-economic-development-of-japan-and-south-korea.html Assessed May 23, 2012. Plotz, David. â€Å"The Seoul of Clones.† Slate Magazine, October 19, 2005. Web: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/how_they_do_it/2005/10/the_seoul_of_clones.html Assessed May 22, 2012. Scanlon, Charles. â€Å"S Korea’s ‘disgraced’ national hero.† BBC News, November 25, 2005. Web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4468812.stm Assessed May 23, 2012. Veale, Jennifer. â€Å"South Korea’s Pet Clone Wars.† TIME, February 10, 2009. Web: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1878398,00.html Assessed May 23, 2012.

The Usage Of A Bandgap Reference Voltage Engineering Essay

A bandgap mention electromotive force is an indispensable constituent of an parallel to digital converter.It is frequently used to provide a mention electromotive force which is compared with others voltages.The bandgap mention used in diverse applications is based on the thought of Hilbiler in 1964 [ 1 ] aˆ‚A bandgap mention electromotive force with low sensitiveness to temperature and supply electromotive force is normally required in parallel or digital circuits. Low electromotive force and low power are two of import design standards in both parallel and digital systems.It been expected that the whole electronics system will be operated down to a individual 1-V supply in near future.The bandgap mention ( BGR ) generators which can be operated under 1-V supply have been widely used in DRAM, falsh memories, analog-digital convertor ( ADC ) and assorted parallel devices.So far many techniques have been proposed to develop electromotive force or current mentions, which can be about independent to temperature and power supply voltage.The bandgap mention is the major design to supply a preciseness electromotive force mention with low sensitiveness to the temperature and the power supply.when CMOS engineerings enter the nano-scale epoch, The demand for battery operated portable equipments will increase.the supply electromotive force has been scaled down from 1.8V ( in 0.18 µm engineering ) to 1.2V ( in 0.13 µm engineering ) , and will drop to merely 0.9V in the following coevals engineering [ 2 ] .In CMOS engineering, the parasitic perpendicular bipolar junction ( BJT ) had been normally used to implement P-N junction of the bandgap reference.But the traditional CMOS bandgap mention circuits did non work in sub 1-V supply voltage.the ground, that the minimal supply electromotive force can non be lower than 1V is constrained by two factors, which is the bandgap electromotive force of around 1.25V in Si, which is exceeds 1V supply.The others factor is the low-tension design of the relative to absolute temperature current coevals cringle is limited by input common-mode electromotive force of the amplifier.These two limitions can be solved by utilizing the resistive subdivision methods, low threshold electromotive force ( or indigen ) device, BiCMOS procedure or DTMOS device.However, those attacks frequently require specialised procedure and word picture which addition fiction cost and procedure stairss. Reference electromotive force generators are required to be stabilized over procedure, electromotive force and temperature fluctuations and besides implemented without alteration of fiction process.The bandgap mention ( BGR ) is one of the most popular mention electromotive force generators that successfully achieve the requirements.regarding the generators, the demand for the low power and low electromotive force operation is strongly increasing the spread of the battery-operated portable applications.A bandgap mention electromotive force is an indispensable constituent of an analog-to-digital converterIt is frequently used to provide a mention electromotive force which is compared with others voltage. A bandgap mention electromotive force with low sensitiveness to temperature and supply electromotive force is normally required in parallel or digital circuits.there are several methods to recognize a temperature independent voltage.the base emitter junction used as a nucleus constitu ent of the bandgap mention is the most popular approach.the general bandgap mention electromotive force mention electromotive force is described by a additive combination of base-emitter electromotive force. Bandgap mention circuit is widely used to supply stable current and electromotive force mentions in parallel circuits every bit good as in assorted signal CMOS circuits.A stable mention circuit should be robust against temperature, power supply and procedure variations.Sub-1-V mention coevals has got importance due to scaling ensuing in shrinking of MOS dimensions and decrease of power supply to minimise power ingestion. owing to follow Moore ‘s Law, it has become needfully of import to diminish the power in the chip.This puts the restraint on the power dissipation of mention generators.the design of this bandgap besides see for low power operation..In traditional BGR circuit, bipolar transistors and one or more resistances are used.BJTs that are used in BGR are in parasitic signifier in CMOS.resistor occupy big country on the bit and hence addition the cost.on bit tolerance of resistances vary from 20 % to 30 % .So, we have to replaced these constituents with MOS transistors t o better public presentation of BGR and to salvage bit area.The combination of different runing parts like subthreshold, additive and impregnation of MOS suppresses the temperature dependance of electromotive force mention.Aims:To set up a dc electromotive force or current that is independent of the supply and procedure and has a chiseled behaviour with temperature. To plan the BGR that independently to temperature and low noise and low electromotive force To plan bandgap mention that can be successfully operated with sub 1-V supply in standard 0.35 CMOS procedure without particular procedure engineering.Problem statementWhen CMOS technologies enter the nano-scales epoch, the demand for battery-operated portable equipments will increase.The supply electromotive force has been scaled down from 1.8V ( in 0.18 m engineering ) to 1.2V ( in 0.13 engineering ) and will drop to merely 0.9V in the following engineering [ 2 ] .in CMOS engineering, the parasitic perpendicular bipolar junction transistor ( BJT ) had been used to implement the high preciseness bandgap electromotive force references.However, the convential BGR generates a 1.25V mention voltage.Its fixed end product electromotive force limited the supply electromotive force and non suited for sub 1-V supply volateg operation.The ground why the conventional CMOS bandgap mention did non work in close 1-V supply voltage.One is that the bandgap end product electromotive force is about 1 .25V [ 3 ] , which exceeds 1-V supply.The others is that the low temperature electromotive force design of the relative to absolute temperature current coevals cringle is limited by the input common-mode electromotive force of the amplifier.These two restrictions can be solved by utilizing the resistive subdivision method [ 4 ] , low threshold electromotive force device [ 5 ] , BiCMOS procedure or DTMOST [ 6 ] . But, those attacks frequently require specialised procedure and word picture which can increase fiction cost and procedure step.However, the bandgap mention working in low supply electromotive force has a higher temperature coeeficient than that of traditional bandgap reference.This resulted in the development of new temperature compensated techniques such as quadratic temperature compensation [ 7 ] , exponential temperature compensation [ 8 ] , piecewise additive curvature rectification [ 9 ] and resistance temperature compensation [ 10 ] .To implement these advanced mathem atical maps with high truth, the development of the low electromotive force bandgap construction requires precision matching of current mirrors or a pre-regulated supply electromotive force, cascade current mirror [ 11 ] , and pre-regulated circuit are good methods to work out this problem.but the minimal supply electromotive force is tradeoff.Scope of work:A typical CMOS execution of a bandgap mention is shown in Fig. 1. The end product mention electromotive force VREF of the traditional bandgap mention circuit can be written as: Equation 1 trad bgr.bmp Figure 1: Traditional/conventional BGR circuit in CMOS engineering where A1 and A2 is the emitter countries of Q1 and Q2, and VT is thermic electromotive force. The 2nd term in ( 1 ) is relative to the absolute temperature ( PTAT ) , which is used to call off the negative temperature coefficient of VEB. Hence, if a proper ration of resistances is kept, an end product electromotive force with lowsensitivity to the temperature can be obtained. In general, the VREF is about 1.25 V, so that the conventional bandgap mention circuit can non be used in low electromotive force application, such as 1 V. Mention electromotive forces and/or currents with small dependance to temperature turn out utile in many parallel circuits. As many procedure parametric quantities vary with temperature, if a mention is temperature-independent, it is normally processindependent every bit good. If two measures with opposite temperature coefficient are added with proper weighting, the attendant measure theoretically exhibits zero temperature coefficient. The construct of the new proposed bandgap mention is that the two electromotive forces ( which are relative to VEB and VT ) are generated by merely one feedback cringle. The two-stage operational amplifier with p-channel input is used in thisnew proposed bandgap mention. The new proposed bandgap mention is shown in Fig. 2, which uses the resistive subdivision R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b to cut down the input common-mode electromotive force of the amplifier.The dimensions of PMOS devices M1 and M2 are the same.The opposition of R1a and R2a is the same, and th e resistanceof R1b and R2b is the same. Following the KCL at the nodesof V1 and V2 in Fig. 2, the mention electromotive force can be expressed as New Picture.bmp Equation 2 Where and.According to equation below: ) /R4 We can expressed equation 2.The point of Vref-conv is indistinguishable to the conventional mention electromotive force in equation ( 1 ) .In order to accomplish sub 1-V operation, the ratio of R1b/ ( R1a+R1b ) is used to scale down the mention electromotive force level.Therefore, the minimal supply electromotive force of the new proposed BGR can be efficaciously reduced to merely. The new proposed BGR mentions can operated under bomber 1V.The whole complete circuit to recognize the proposed bomber 1V BGR is shown below: New Picture ( 1 ) .bmp Figure 2: Complete circuit for new proposed Sub1V So, from the comparing above, I can clearly cognize what I will make on my ain undertaking, what my range of work.From this, i ‘ll go on the new proposed BGR design that already done but I will seek to minimise the supply electromotive force, temperature independent and noise consequence as possible so the BGR will successfully operated in sub 1-V.

Animal Dreams Essay

In the story of Animal Dreams by Barbara Kingsolver, the main character named Codi had her struggle towards her relationship with her younger sister Hallie. Regarding this, this article tends to explain why such struggle of closeness towards their relationship turned into closeness which is seemingly far and thus inclusion of the relationship changes are discussed. The goal of this paper is to provide a reliable detain of research regarding with the explanations of the story’s relationship changes between the two sisters Codi and Hallie and thus to give an explanation about the themes of the story such as to what it depicts and why it is of importance. Relationship of Codi and Hallie Codie and Hallie are very close to each other since they are the only children of Dr. Homero Noline; they both lived in Tucson Arizona where they are bonded with Codi’s boyfriend Carlo. The sister’s relationship changed a lot when Hallie decided to move from Arizona going to Nicaragua and since Codi felt that there’s no reason for her to stay at Arizona because her sister already left, Codi then decided to go back home where they spend their early life (Kingsolver). Continuing the story, the sister’s relationship went on along even if they are far from each other. They still write a letter for one another in order to inform each other about the events and changes which are happening in their lives. Eventually, Codi gets too busy with her work as a high school teacher at Grace and busy visiting her father who by then is on the first stage of psychological disease. The relationship of the two sisters went stronger when Hallie was reported missing and that she could not be found because she was kidnapped (Kingsolver). Similarities of Codi and Hallie The main idea of Codi and Hallie’s similarity is that they both have concern with the environmental issue such as doing something in order to influence the other people and thus to make them realize how their place are being ruined by the pollution and that the administration just seemed to ignore such problem. They are both doing an act towards the pollution issue which made them oppose the administration; Hallie by involving herself in movement which uses certain farming techniques that depict the difficulties of the farmers of their place at Grace in farming due to the lack of supply of water for their planted trees and Codi by helping the Stitch and Bitch Club through a fund racing activity wherein the fund will be used for projects toward environmental protection and or environmental problem resolution (Kingsolver). The Themes Fertility Fertility throughout the story gives an emphasis towards Codi’s situation in the novel wherein she lost her child twice. This part of the novel was written by the author in order to open the readers’ eyes about the essence or importance of having a future baby because bearing a child simply means the generation of a new group of people for a certain community and for the continuous movement of life and history from the past towards the present through the new generation (Kingsolver). Fertility as the theme of the story wanted people to realize that it is not purely a medical or scientific matter and thus in order for a certain person to regenerate a new offspring, she must know how to take care of the life which lies inside her. Fertility in the story is also depicted as a matter as important as preserving a certain generation or community wherein it is subjected to an issue of getting extinct or the threat to a community’s existence (Kingsolver). The importance of fertility in the novel wanted people to realize that preservation of life for a new generation of people is important and thus a new life could serve a new hope for every problem’s resolution. In the novel, the womb of a certain mother is symbolized by the Graceland and the baby in it is symbolized by the environment and environmental resources which are at the risk of being totally destroyed. Mainly, Fertility means saving the environment in order to preserve the place or the earth is depicted by preserving the child inside mother’s womb in order to generate a new offspring (Kingsolver). Fertility changes in the story when Codi lost the child that she bears inside her as it was also depicted in the place’s situation when Grace is in the verge of slowly dying because of the pollutants which are present and are mixed up in their agricultural place and in the whole environment. Children’s Importance In the story, children’s importance is explained to as; they are the ones who will continue the legacy or history of a certain family. A child also symbolizes the difficulties and sacrifices of the parents most specially the difficulties of the mothers who tend to bear a child and give birth. Children are the one who will pursue the conviction of their parents as it was depicted by Codi who was supposed to be a doctor just like his father but eventually dropped out of school because of her being pregnant (Kingsolver). Children are depicted to as the fulfillment of dreams and hopes for the future as it was symbolized by the presence of children in the story hence they are sometimes being disregarded as to taken advantage of wherein in the story; Codi disregarded her situation of pregnancy wherein she did not take care of herself but instead did all what she ought to do which led her to loss the child which she carries inside her. Codi’s Pregnancy/Miscarriage Cody got pregnant at the age of 15, she never told anyone about her situation because she didn’t want Hallie and her father to loose her closeness towards them and so she kept the secret into herself but she did not know that her father observed her and that Mr. Noline knows that his daughter was pregnant. Because Codi was careless about her own body, she lost the baby wherein she really hoped for it to be gone and thus she once dreamt of losing the baby from her womb (Kingsolver). Codi’s being careless regarding with her fertility can depict two certain premises which could frame her in the story. The first premise is the death of her beloved mother and secondly is the death of her own child inside her womb. Through interpreting the character of Codi in the novel regarding her pregnancy, a certain reader could correlate her to destruction of a new seed of life because for Cody; loving someone is also losing which explains that when a certain person loves someone or anything, he or she will loose his or her control towards his or her emotion and thus she will be hurt when that person or matter he or she loved will be lost from his/her possession (Kingsolver). Political Part of the Novel The real purpose of the novel by Kingsolver is to depict the situation of a certain place in America wherein the land is said to be a fertile land which is good for planting and/or farming which is eventually ruined by the miners producing water pollutants from the mines going to the places’ body of water which tended to destroy the richness of the land. This novel depicts the year 1950 when copper manufacturing mine is one of the most important resource of such Native Americans (Kingsolver). Kingsolver depicted the political system of the United States during the year of 1980’s by narrating the situation or Nicaragua in the novel. Nicaragua was stated as the largest State in the central part of America wherein on the year 1979 a certain socialist group named the Sandinistas along with the FSLN or the National Liberation Front in the United States joined forces in order to overthrow the dictator system of Anastasio Somoza which reigned for over 46 years. After the dictator was overthrown, the FSLN executed a socialist kind of government wherein they made all the major industries nationalized during that period and thus they executed a certain reform, agrarian reform, in order to give help to those small farmers and in order to support such industries of farming (Kingsolver). The FSLN also made a program which strengthened the system of education and other important programs such as health care management and regarding this, the CIA, unknown by the socialists, established a plan in order to oppose the goals and management of the socialist groups and leaders (Kingsolver). Conclusion The novel by Kingsolver entitled Animal Dreams is what the author used to express the reality somewhere in the Central part of America wherein the agricultural management is disregarded by the government and thus the environment is polluted by the mining manufacturers. This novel symbolizes the true event of the Central America by narrating the Grace’s problem about the environment and it’s near to destroyance wherein the Sandinistas can be seen in the character of both Hallie and her sister Codi. Through the novel, the author makes readers realize that preserving a child’s safety while it is in the womb is like preserving the safety of a threatened environment wherein when the mother does a small mistake then the baby will die without being born and just like the environment’s situation, one mistake or wrong deed from the people and the environment or the earth as a whole will die or will be destroyed. Work Cited Kingsolver, Barbara. â€Å"Animal Dreams. † HarperCollins, 1990.

Communication Theories Paper Essay Example

Communication Theories Paper Essay Example Communication Theories Paper Essay Communication Theories Paper Essay Communication Theories Melody Lewis October 1, 2012 Com/ 310 During the past few weeks, we have learned about seven different theories. Each theory has explained how each theory compares to communication. They all are equal to each other in a certain way and sometimes generate with things that we do in our everyday life. The three theories that I will be talking about in my paper is the Relational Dialectics Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and the Organizational Information Theory. In my paper, I will give the definition to each and explain how I can relate to these theories. The relational dialectics theory is a concept within the communication theory. This concept could be interpreted as a knot of contradictions in personal relationships or an unceasing interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies(ask. com/communication theory). This theory explains how a relationship is formed between people that meet each other for the first time. When we meet people right off we might not have a connection with them right off, but once we get to know them a relationship is born. We can always let ourselves know if we like a person depending on the way the communication go. In my past relationships, I have always been the person with a voice. I could always express what I was thinking our wanted them to know. I think during my relationships the communication was effective in many ways. If we did not communicate our relationship goes nowhere. If I didn’t like something that was going on or something I did not like, I would let them know. One thing about me is that I don’t take anyone’s disrespect and I think that’s why the guys I dated didn’t last long. I think the communication in my past could have been better if they knew what to say. I am the type of person that doesn’t like a lot of lying and it’s hard to trust or believe people when they lie. I think in the future I can learn how to trust. I have a big issue with trusting my feelings to people. I know I can do better with that. The social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. When we think about this theory, we think about our relationships that we may have with family, friends, or a boyfriend or girlfriend. We have to think about the things that we would want out of that relationship and the things we can give back. When you think about the things that you can contribute to a relationship, you might set your standards a little high. When my relationship first started with my husband, I had just got out of a bad breakup. I had a guy that thought putting his hands on me and cursing me out was okay. We never really just fought because I’m not that type, but he tried to choke me. I would never let anyone put their hands on me, so when I meet my husband my guards were up. I told him that I didn’t want a relationship, but we could friends. After a while, we began to know each other and then some years later we got married. I think my problem was fear and I didn’t want him to know that I was in a relationship where the guy didn’t respect me. I have become a better person, because I open up my feelings to my husband and I let him know just what I feel. If he does something that I don’t like I will let him know. He always thinks I’m being mean, but I think I’m being cautious about my feelings. I love my husband and I want our marriage to work off love and trust. When you get married, a lot of things change and you have to be willing to give a little in order to get. You have to be willing to sacrifice what you are attached to and change for the better. I think my communication since my last break up has been a little better. I have learned to listen first and then respond. I have taught myself that I am never always right and I do need to trust more. My husband has helped me and I think that’s why my communication is better. I think in the future I will have more effective skills when talking to people. I need to talk a little better with my husband and with my employees. The organizational information theory builds upon general system theory and focuses on the complexity of information management within an organization. The theory addresses how organizations reduce equivocality, or uncertainty through a process of information collection, management and use. This theory could be based on how you can organize a way to gather information if you were trying to conduct a meeting. When you work in a company, you will have meeting. These meetings are made to communicate what is going on in the work place. You might have some people that communicate to you on paper and you have to follow along, but most of the time you will have a person in front of you and a paper to follow. Where I work at, we have meetings that give us general information about the dos and don’ts that can go on in the work place. A lot of jobs have dos and don’ts and they are very important to follow them. We also have meeting to let our employees know what is going on and what is to come. At my second job, we have an informal meeting. We have all the employees come to the job and we talk about what is going on and does anyone have something they want to say. We try not to point the blame and we try to hear everyone out. I am the type of person that will listen first and act on it. Sometimes the communication you have with a person can get a bit heated that’s why you want to make sure you are well organized. I think when I deal with my employees they try to take advantage of me. Some feel that I’m the same age as them, so they don’t want to show me respect. I demand my respect and that’s where it comes back to being organized. When you are trying to communicate with your boss or employees, you want to make sure you have all your ideas and viewpoints wrote down. I have recently become a preschool teacher and we have a lot of paper work that has to be turned in. We have to make sure that we are organized at all times and that we communicate, so we can have all or paperwork done correct. When you are a school teacher, you have to communicate with the kids, the parents, and you’re other workers. During the years, we have parent meetings to give the parents a chance to voice their opinion and to see what their children do every day. We also have to have the children on an organization level. We set a time so that they can transition from one place to the other. We have to keep their little mines organized on what we do day by day. If we can stay on schedule, they get use to doing the same thing every day. We have to keep folders on each child and making sure that it stays organized so that we can communicate with the parent is very effective. I know that learning these communication theories will help me as a teacher. I have to make sure my communication skills stay on top. In the future, when I go on to become the best teacher I know I can be I want my children to have the same communication skills I have. During this class, I have learned about many different communication theories and they all have something in common. We have learned that communication can come in many different ways and we communicate every day. In my line of work, I have to make sure my communication is soft and kind because I deal with children. I think there are ways that we communicate depending on the people we talk to. When we are at work we communicate on a professional level and we know what to say and what not to say. We have to make sure that we remember what type of surroundings we are in. When we are communicating with family, we might have another way of communicating. We might say hello or maybe give each other a kiss; we might shack hands and we might not say anything at all. I know when I talk to my family I always say hello and then we might kiss each other on the cheek. My sisters and I always greet each other in a unique way. We might fight, but we always have a good communication and we always say we love each other. When I communicate with my kids, I have to stay calm and remember that they are children. Sometimes they can do things that will make you so mad, but I remain calm and talk to them like they are supposed to be talked to. When you talk to your children, we have to learn that they are little people and we have to have an understanding that we are the parents. As I progress in the future, I will try to learn how to communicate better with my coworkers because we don’t get along all the time. The reason is that we fail to communicate on a serious level. We all have something to say and some might want to point the blame, but that doesn’t solve anything. I have to learn that my communication can be much calmer. I would like to learn how to control my communication and the way I deliver it. I also want to learn how to communicate better in my marriage. I know that I can a little hot head, and I need to learn how to talk to my spouse in a calmer manner. Sometimes I think I’m always right, so communication I think is my biggest challenge. Reference Page www. bing. com/ communication theories www. wikipedia. com www. ask. com/ communication theory

The effects of the Pollyanna Principle when remembering and recalling pleasant and unpleasant words.

The effects of the Pollyanna Principle when remembering and recalling pleasant and unpleasant words. The Pollyanna Principle is defined by Matlin (2006) with respect to memory and other cognitive processes as pleasant items are usually processed more efficiently and more accurately than less pleasant items. This was consequently named the Pollyanna Principle after the fictional character Pollyanna who was known to look on the bright side of life and to find goodness out of every environment and situation (Warr, 1971, as cited in Sargent, 2005). Numerous studies have also supported this fact by illustrating that people tend to display optimistic beliefs of themselves (Larwood Whittaker, 1977; Svenson, 1981, as cited in Silvera, Krull Sassler, 2002) and the external world around them (Klar Gilda, 1997, as cited in Silvera et al., 2002).One of the basis arising from the Pollyanna Principle contend that people are more accurate in learning and the subsequent recall of words that are found as pleasant in comparison to words that are found as less pleasant and neutral (Sargent, 2005).A graph demonstrating the serial position effect